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In this participation method, which originated in the USA, an “advocate“ (not in the legal sense; usually a planner) gives ordinary citizens expert advice in planning matters, assists them and represents them before official bodies at communal and state level.
In advocacy planning there is no set sequence of events. An advocacy planner’s main activities are informing ordinary citizens about planning issues, working out suggestions together with ordinary citizens, representing the latter before official bodies such as the city administration, promoting and chairing discussion processes, and so on.
Advocacy planning is mostly employed at local or regional level. Usually the advocacy planners are available throughout; examples of this are the local advice bureaus and the youth and environmental ombudsmen in Vienna.
Ordinary citizens, advocacy planners
Level of participation:
Joint decision
Time required overall:
Several months; in some cases a permanent facility is set up
Number of participants:
This method is suitable for large groups of people, too